• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An early warning signal is produced when there is a danger of ice forming on a road surface by means of a device comprising a temperature sensor for determining the ambient temperature, a sensor unit for determining the temperature and moisture of the road surface, a heatable sensor unit having a heating element and a moisture-detecting gap, and comparators for comparing the voltages supplied by the temperature sensors and the moisture sensors with reference voltages, comprises in addition thereto a sensor unit having a further moisture-detection gap, one or more elements for alternately cooling or heating this further moisture-detection gap, and a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of this further moisture-detection gap, as well as signal generators generating signals in response to the output signals of the comparators for indicating whether the road surface is dry, wet, or icy. The early warning signal is reliably given in advance of actual ice-formation solely as a function of the road surface temperature and of the condition of the moisture sensors. The response thresholds of those comparators which are associated with the moisture sensors are preferably varied as a function of the road surface temperature in order to allow for the influence exerted on the freezing point by thawing agents spread on the road surface.
    公开号:SU957775A3
    申请号:SU782613347
    申请日:1978-05-03
    公开日:1982-09-07
    发明作者:Бошунг Марсель
    申请人:Марсель Бошунг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    includes a warning signal if all three listed comparators produce an output signal, i.e. if the air temperature reaches and is lower, the road surface temperature is 2 lower than the air temperature and the relative humidity exceeds 90% l1. Received, as described above, the precautionary cHrHaj; is effective if the road surface was dry before the onset of the described weather conditions. If the pavement is wet from the very beginning, the warning signal is turned on too late, namely, only when the pavement is already covered with ice. The formation of ice on the roadway, however, depends not only on the degree of moisture of the road surface and the temperature of the road field, but also to a large extent on the thawing means scattered around the road. The prior art device cannot determine whether a certain resistance is a consequence of a large amount of water and a small amount of a means for defrosting or little. th amount of water and a large amount of defrosting agent. Thus, a warning of imminent icing hazard is unreliable. It may well be that the road slowly dries out at a temperature below, which is recorded in such installations as an increase in resistance and can lead to a false alarm. . The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the proposed device. To this end, the device, for detecting the danger of icing up the highway, contains an air temperature sensor, the output of which is connected to the first comparator, the first probe with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the second probe with a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor heater, a temperature sensor output The first probe is connected to the second and third comparators, and the output of the second probe temperature sensor is connected to the fourth comparator, the fifth comparator connected to the humidity probe of the first probe, the sixth comparator op connected to the humidity sensor of the second probe, three sources of reference voltages of the comparators, a first alarm connected to the outputs of the second and sixth comparators, a second alarm connected to the outputs of the second and fifth comparators and the first alarm, the heating elements activation unit connected to the outputs the first, second and fourth comparators, and the periogonisalizer, the third alarm device, whose input is connected to the outputs of the first, second and fourth comparators, and the output to the heater, output h The fourth comparator is connected to the heater of the second probe and to the first alarm device, the fourth alarm device, the input of which is connected to the outputs of the first and second alarm devices, a third probe with a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, a temperature controller control unit, a seventh and eighth comparators, and temperature controller mode selector switch, one third of the humidity measurement line, adjustable reference voltage driver and element I, the third probe humidity sensor being Inen with the seventh comparator, the temperature sensor of the third. probe is connected to the eighth comparator, the temperature controller control unit connected to the first probe temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and Neraye element, and the output of the third comparator, the controller mode switch input temperature is connected to the outputs of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth comparators, the outputs of the operation mode switch and the first alarm device are connected to the inputs of the element I, the output of the seventh comparator is connected to the input The first, second, and fourth alarms, the output of the adjustable-voltage regulator are connected to the output of the temperature sensor of the first probe, and the output to the inputs of the fifth, sixth, and seventh comparators, the output of the temperature regulator control unit, and the output of the temperature regulator switch through a controllable switch, they are connected to the temperature controller of the third probe, and in addition, a multivibrator of different polarity pulses / outputs is introduced into the device, through additional resistors connected to the sensor am, and the control unit of the temperature controller contains: two operational amplifiers, a measuring amplifier, a reference potentiometer, two transistors and a resistor, tori, the inputs of the first operational amplifier through one resistor and the measuring amplifier are connected respectively to the temperature sensor of the first probe and the third humidity sensor probe, one input of the second operational amplifier through another resistor is connected to the output of the first operational amplifier, the other input of the second operational amplifier is connected to the reference th potentiometer, and the output - with 69. EOI single transistor. the emitter of which is connected to the base of another transistor, the output circuit of which is connected in series with the temperature controller. FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the proposed device; in fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the probes of the device; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 .- electrical circuit of the measuring amplifier for generating an output signal if the temperature of the air, the roadway or one of the probes reaches a certain value; Fig. 5 shows an electrical circuit of another measuring amplifier for generating a signal if the pavement is wet or one of the probes indicates humidity; in fig. 6, the electrical circuit of the control unit of FIG. 7 is an electrical diagram of the heating unit for one of the probes included in the probe unit; in fig. 8 is an electrical diagram of the heating unit of the other probe included in the probe unit, and FIG. 9 is an electrical diagram of the signal processing node, if the road surface is wet; GO is the electrical circuit of the signal producing node, if the roadbed is icy, in FIG. 11 is a circuit of a current direction switch; in fig. 12 is an electrical circuit of a node for forming a smoothly varying threshold voltage; in fig. 13 is a graphical representation of a smoothly varying threshold voltage as a function of the roadway temperature. A block diagram of a device for signaling the danger of icing up a highway roadway (FIG. 1) includes an air humidity sensor 1, an air temperature sensor 2, and a probe unit including three probes. 3, 4, and 5. Each combined probe has temperature sensors 6, 7, and 8 and humidity sensors 9, 10, and 11 to determine if the roadbed is wet or dry. Sensor 1, air humidity and temperature sensors 2, 6, 7 and 8 are each connected to the measuring amplifier of the first group of measuring amplifiers 12-16. These measuring amplifiers are preferably of the same design. Sensors 9, 10, and 11 each are connected to a measuring amplifier of the second group of measuring amplifiers 17, 18, and 19. Measuring amplifier 12 generates an output voltage dependent on the humidity, which is fed through line 20 through the end frame to frame 21 22. Air humidity does not affect the generation of a warning signal. Measuring amplifiers 13-16 produce each output voltage, depending on the temperature determined by the sensors 2,6, 7 and 8 of temperature. The output voltage of the measuring amplifier 13 is supplied via line 23 through the terminal cascade 24 to the indicator device 25, showing air temperature, and the output voltage of the measuring amplifier 14 is fed through line 26 through the terminal cascade 27 to the indicator device 28, showing the temperature of the road surface. Measuring amplifiers 17-19, connected to humidity sensors 9-11, produce an output voltage of low magnitude, if the humidity sensors are wet or wet, and an output voltage of large magnitude, if the measurement sites are dry. To determine if the output voltages of the measuring amplifiers 13-19 exceed a certain threshold, eight comparators 29-36 are provided with two inputs and one output each. One input of each comparator is connected to the corresponding output of one of the measuring amplifiers, and the other input of each comparator is connected to a source of reference voltage. The device also contains the first alarm device 37, the second alarm device 38, element I 39, the third alarm device 40, quarter 1 of the first alarm device 41, switch 42 of the operating mode of the temperature regulator. The fourth signaling device 41, represented as an element And with three inputs, generates a warning signal if all three inputs receive a signal exceeding a certain limit value. A warning signal can be given, for example, optically using a lamp | 43. Instead of or in addition to the lamp 43, an acoustic signaling device (not shown) may be provided before proceeding to a detailed examination of the principle of operation of the device according to FIG. 1, discussed below in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 and 3 device block probes. It includes three probes 3, 4 and 5, each of which consists of a rather thick metal disk 44, the lower part of which is covered with a plastic sheath 45. There are two offset holes 46 in the disk, in which one electrode 47 is fixed, encased in a plastic sheath. 48 and electrically insulated from the disk 44. Both electrodes 47, the upper end surfaces of which are flush with the outer surface of the disk 44, are visible only in FIG. 3. Both electrodes 47 form the above-mentioned measuring sections 9-11 of the probes 3-5. In the center of the disk
    44 below is a blind hole 49, which serves in probe 3 for accommodating temperature sensor b, in probe 4 for accommodating temperature sensor 7 and in probe 5 for accommodating temperature sensor 8. Temperature sensors are resistors that change their electrical resistance depending on on temperature. The connecting wires of the electrodes 47 and. temperature sensors b 7 and 8 are output to the outside through a conductor 50 in the coating 45, the negative space under the coating
    45 is filled with a casting mass 51. The probe 3 includes only the measuring section formed by both 47 g electrodes and the temperature sensor 6. The probe 5 is additionally equipped with a heater 52, which is located
    in the recess 53 of the disk 44 of the probe 5.. The heater 52 serves to heat the disk 44 of the probe 5 or for. heating the measuring section 11 in order to ensure that snow or ice lying on the humidity sensor 11, or, under appropriate weather conditions, allow the measuring section 11 to dry before the unheated section 9. The combined probe 4 includes, instead of a heater, a plate temperature controller 54, which can be made, for example in the form of the so-called Peltier element 4. Depending on the direction of the current supplied to the temperature controller 54 through the connecting wires 55, the upper side 56 of the temperature controller 54 is cooled and the bottom side 57 of the temperature controller is heated or vice versa. The bottom 57 of the temperature controller 54 is adjacent to the metal block 58 .. To the upper side 56 of the temperature controller 54, the metal conductor 61 of the heat is pressed with the screw 59 and the thermal insulation plate 60. A portion of the heat conductor 61 protrudes beyond the limits of the regulator 54 and penetrates through the notch 62 in the cover 45 into the space below it. This part of the heat conductor 61 is fixed with screws 63 on the disk 44 of the combined adapter 4. .. Connecting wires 55 of the cooling element: 54 are passed through the cutout 62 hole 50 in the cover 45. The heat sink plate 64 is screwed to the bottom of the metal block 58, The three probes 3: V 4 and 5, including temperature controller 54 and metallic block 58, are cast with resin in the form of a rectangular block 65, with the bottom side of the block 65 covered (heat sink plate 64. Upper butt st The rims of the discs 44 and the outer surfaces of the electrodes 47 are flush with the top side 66 of the block a. A complete set of probes is built into the roadway cover (not yet), with the top side 66 in the same coated plane. 8, the electrodes 47, the heating element 52 and the cooling element 54 are cast in and out of the block 65 in the form partially shown only in FIG. 3, cable 67 for connection to the corresponding inputs of the measuring amplifiers 12-19, as shown in FIG. one.
    FIG. 4 is presented as a non-limiting example of valid; for all measuring amplifiers 12-16, the electrical circuit of measuring amplifier 13, the input terminals 68 of which are connected to a temperature sensor 2, which is Self temperature resistance. From the stabilized voltage source, indicated by - / +, to the temperature sensor 2 is supplied via Two resistors 69. The temperature dependent voltage is supplied from temperature sensor 2 through the first additional resistor 70 to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 71 and through the second additional terminal 72 to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 71. The values of the resistors 69 are approximately ten times smaller than the additional ones 70 and 72. The current-described input circuit of the operational amplifier 71 eliminates the influence of the length of the wires between temperature sensor 2 and input terminals 68 on the temperature-dependent voltage appearing in temperature sensor 2 . The signal arising at the output of the operational amplifier 71 is supplied through a resistor 73 to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 74. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 74 is connected via a feedback resistor 75 to the output of the operational amplifier 74 and through a resistor 76 to the output of the potentiometer 77, amplifier 74 is fed directly to the non-inverting input of the next operational amplifier 78. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 78 is connected via a variable resistor 79 to the operating output Amplifier 78, through the resistance 80 - with the case and through connected in series, the resistance 81 and the thermistor 82 - with the case. The output of the operational amplifier 78 is connected to the output terminal 83 of the measuring amplifier. If we graphically plot the relationship between the voltage at the output terminal 83, which is deposited on the abscissa axis, and the voltage at the input terminals 68, which is deposited along the ordinate axis, a straight line is obtained. With the help of potentiometer 77, this line can be moved from parallel to the x-axis. The slope of these lines can be set using a variable resistor 79. This allows the operating point of the measuring amplifier to be set optimally. FIG. Figure 5 shows an electrical diagram of one of the measuring amplifiers 17-19, which determine whether the humidity sensors are dry or wet. The humidity sensor 9, for example, which is part of the probe 3 and formed from electrodes 47, is connected to the housing on one side and on the other hand to the input terminal 84, which in turn is directly connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 85. About the multivibrator 86 The output voltage is alternately positive and negative with respect to the housing. The rectangular pulses with a variable sign are applied to the humidity sensor 9 through the second input terminal 87 and the high-resistance resistor 88. In the wet state, the humidity sensor 9 has a relatively small resistance and the voltage supplied to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 85 is low. In the dry state, the humidity sensor 9 has a high resistance and the alternating voltage is large at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 85. To limit this input voltage, a node of two Zener 89 diodes connected to each other is provided. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 85 is connected to its output, whereby the operational amplifier 85 operates as a normal amplifier stage. At the output of the operational amplifier 85, in accordance with the alternating input voltage, the alternating output voltage, the magnitude of which depends on whether the humidity sensor 9 is located, is obtained. dry or wet condition. The positive square shushulses arising at the output of the operational amplifier 85 go through the diode 90 and the resistor 91 to the non-inverting input of the next operational amplifier 92. The positive voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 92 charges the capacitor 93. The negative square impulses that occur at the output of the operational amplifier 85 enter through diode 94 and resistor 95 to the inverting input of opamp 92, the output of which also produces a positive voltage that charges cond Sensor 93. Operational amplifier 93 and diodes 90 and 94 act as full-wave rectifiers with respect to the rectangular pulses generated at the output of the operational amplifier 85, whereby the capacitor 93 connected to the output of the operational amplifier 92 is charged to a high voltage when the sensor 9, the humidity is in a dry state, and until a small voltage is reached, the humidity sensor 9 is in a wet state. Through a filtering element consisting of a resistor 96 and a capacitor 97, a constant voltage depending on the state of the humidity sensor 9 is fed through a resistor 98 to a non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 99 connected as an amplifier, which is connected to the output the clamp 100 of FIG. 5 measuring amplifier. Multivibrator 86 is used to power the circuits of sensors 9-11 humidity of all three measuring amplifiers 17-19. Alternating feeding of humidity sensors 9-11 {by positive or negative rectangular pulses prevents the formation of a crust in the measuring section, since it excludes the possibility of electrolysis. The execution of eight comparators 29-36 is not considered in detail, since nodes are more similarly known. For example, they can be an operational amplifier whose non-inverting input receives a reference voltage and a comparison voltage is applied to the non-inverting input. At the output of the op amp, a signal occurs that the limit value is exceeded if the comparison voltage exceeds the reference voltage. The reference voltage for comparators 29, 31 and 32 can be set using potentiometer 101. The reference voltages for comparators 30 and 33 are removed from potentiometers 102 or 103. The reference voltage for comparators 34-36 is generated in the former 104 depending on the road surface temperature The temperature detected by probe 3 detected by sensor 6 (Fig. 1). Thus, the threshold value determining the operation of comparators 34-36 is smoothly variable. FIG. 12 is an electrical diagram of shaper 104. FIG. 13 shows the dependence of the reference voltage U on the roadway temperature T (the reference voltage occurring at the output terminal 105 of the driver 104). Through the input terminal 106 a signal is removed which is removed from the output of the measuring amplifier 14, depending on the temperature of the roadway. It is fed through a resistor 107 to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 108, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the housing. Output
    operational amplifier 108 is connected via a resistor 109 by a inverting input of the next operational amplifier 110, which is connected through a feedback terminal resistor 111
    the house of an ilO opamp, whose non-inverting input is connected to the housing. Through an adjustable resistor 112 and a connected after-2D diode 113 and a resistor 114, feedback is established between the OUT of the operational amplifier 108 and its inverting input. Through the resistor 115 a bias voltage is applied to the diode 113 set by the adjustable resistor 116. The offset of the diode 113 is set in such a way that the diode begins to act when the input voltage is applied to the input terminal 106, which corresponds to the pavement temperature approximately. 13, At the point corresponding to the pavement temperature of the O®C, 35, diode 113 is fully conductive and the output voltage, i.e., the reference voltage for commutators 34-36, continues to fall in a straight line as the temperature decreases. 40
    From FIG. 1 it follows that the second ompator 29 is connected to the upper entrance of the measuring amplifier 14. The second omparator 29 generates a signal d, to revise the limit value, if the pavement temperature detected by the temperature sensor 6 is less than or equal to 0®C. A third comparator 30 is also connected to measure- -. Amplifier 14 and generates a signal exceeding the limit value when the temperature of the road surface falls below. The first compressor 31 is connected to the measuring amplifier 13 and produces a signal exceeding the limit value if the air temperature detected by the temperature sensor 2 is less. The eighth comparator 32 is connected to the output of the measuring “O amplifier 15 and produces a signal:
    the temperature exceeds the limit, & ak, its -, and the temperature of the probe 4 detected by the sensor 7 is less than OC. It is significant that the eighth L5
    comparator 32 has a hysteresis property. For example, it generates a signal exceeding the limit
    t, if the probe temperature is 4,: s to .. The signal goes below the threshold and disappears only when the probe temperature is 4 to. The fourth comparator 33 is connected to. measuring amplifier 16 and generates a signal exceeding the limit value if the temperature of the probe 5, detected by temperature sensor 8, is less.
    Each of the comparators 34-36 generates a signal exceeding the limit value if the humidity sensors 9-11 are in a dry state. At the output of the comparators 34-36, the departure signal appears below the limit value, if the voltage values coming from the measuring amplifiers 17-19 are less than the smoothly changing rtoporoBoro value, discussed above with reference to FIG. Tz.
    In the control unit 119 of the regulator of the temperature, the output signals of the measuring amplifiers 14 and 15 are input to determine the difference between the temperature of the roadway determined with the help of the sensor 6 of the temperature and the temperature of the cooled probe 4 determined with the help of the sensor 7 of the temperature. A two-wire line 120 is connected to the output of the temperature controller control unit 119, through which temperature current in probe 4 is supplied to the temperature controller 54 via the control switch 121, depending on the temperature difference mentioned. The electrical circuit of the temperature controller control unit 119 is shown in more detail in FIG. 6. The input terminals 122 provide signals, produced by measuring amplifiers 14 or 15, and fed through resistors 123 and 124 to the inverting or non-inverting input of operational amplifier 125. The output of operational amplifier 125 produces a voltage proportional to the named temperature difference, which is supplied through a resistor 126 to an inverting input acting as a comparator of an operational amplifier 127. Through a switch 128, another input terminal 129 and a resistor 130 to another input of the operational amplifier 127 is fed PORN voltage adjustable via potentiometer whereby 131.1 may be set wherein said higher temperature. When the output voltage from the operational amplifier 12 does not reach the value of the reference voltage, the operational amplifier 125 produces a positive output signal to the base of the transistor 132. When the switch 128 is in a position not shown, the reference voltage can be supplied from the outside through the connecting terminal 133 this makes it possible to control this by the named temperature difference, which results in the constancy of the warning time. The transistor 132 may control the switching transistor 134 when a positive signal from AND 39 is applied to the input terminal 135 via the line 136 (FIG. 1). The collector-emitter portion of the switching transistor 134 is connected between one of the two output terminals 137 and the body, while the other output terminal is connected to the positive pole of the voltage source (not shown). The task of the control block 119 described above is to provide the established difference between the temperature of the road surface and the temperature of the probe 4 when the temperature of the road surface drops below 4 ° C. . The electrical circuit of the current directional switch 121 is shown in FIG. 11. It has two input terminals 137 and two output terminals 138. The latter are connected to the temperature controller 54 of probe 4, while the input terminals are connected by a two-wire line 120 to the output terminals 137 (Fig. 6) of the control unit 119, the output the clamps 138 are connected via the switching contacts 139 of the relay 140 to the input clips 137. In the pulled state of the relay 140, the current flow through the temperature controller 54 has a reverse sign, so that the temperature controller 54 heats the combined probe 4. The relay 140 averages bathe when feeding through the input terminal 141 and p ican 142 Nogo positive voltage to the base of transistor 143. This voltage is supplied from the B nalizatora 38 which produces a signal exceeding the limit values or when the condition, n determined guides need heating probe which, in normal conditions is given COOL. The named signal is supplied to switch 121 via line 144. The electrical circuit of previously mentioned switch 42, which controls switch 121, is shown in FIG. 8. It has four input terminals 145-148, as well as a first output terminal 149, which is connected by a line 144 to a switch 121, and a second output terminal 150, which is connected by a line 151 to one of the inputs of element 39 for initiating control unit 119 and connected to the input terminal of the detector 38 to generate a signal if the pavement is iced up, which is indicated by the lamp 152. The detector 38 has a logical element NE-153 with four inputs and a trigger consisting of two elements NOT-154 and 155. The element output NEI 153 is connected to the setting input rigger. One trigger output is connected to output terminal 149, and the other output is connected to output terminal 150. The input terminal 145 is fed through line 156 to output the comparator 34 if the humidity sensor 11 of the probe 5 is in a dry state (Fig. 1). This signal is fed through the protective resistor 157 and the inverter 158 to the first input of the element NE-153. The other input of the element NOT-153 is received via line 159 through the input terminal 146 of the comparator 36 output signal. This signal occurs if the sensor 10 humidity probe 4 nahrdits in a dry state. The output signal of the comparator 35 is provided via lines 160 through an input terminal 147 to the third input of the non-AND element 153 if the humidity sensor 9 is in a dry condition. The fourth input of the element NOT-153 is connected to the reset input of the above-mentioned trigger. Both of these inputs are fed through line 161 through the input terminal 148 and the signal from comparator 32, if the temperature measured by temperature sensor 7 in the combined probe 4 is less. The operation mode switch 42 of FIG. 8 generates at its output 150 a signal of exceeding the limit value during the period while the temperature of the probe 4 exceeds, regardless of which signals are fed to the remaining input terminals 145-147. On the other hand, the detector 33 generates at its output terminal 149 a signal for exceeding the limit value, if the signal for exceeding the limit value is supplied to the output terminal 145, i.e. if the humidity sensor 11 of the heated probe 5 is in a dry state, and to the other input terminals 146-148, a single departure signal is supplied below the limit value, i.e. if the humidity sensor 10 of the cooled probe 4 and the humidity sensor 9 of the probe 3 are in the wet state and the temperature of the cooled probe 4 is interrupted. The electrical circuit of the detector 40 is shown in FIG. 7. It covers the three input terminals 162164, as well as the output terminal 165, which is connected via line 166 to the heater 52 of the heated probe 5 (FIG. 1). Input terminals 162 and 163 are connected, respectively, through protective resistors 167 and 1b8; to both inputs of the element NE-OR 169, the output of which is connected through the inverter 170 to the first input of the element AND
    171. The output of the element And 171 is connected to the output terminal 165. The input terminal 164 is connected through the protective resistor 172 to the second input of the element And 171I and through the capacitor 173 to the input 174 of the temporary element 175.; The RFET of the temporary element connects the inverter 176 sec the third input element is AND 171. The input terminal 164 of the indicator 40 is supplied via line 177 of the output signal of the comparator 33 if the temperature of the heated probe 5 is less than OC. This signal exceeds the limit value is fed to the second input element And 171, and at the beginning of this signal exceeding the limit value, a short pulse goes through the capacitor 173 to the input 164 of the time element, which then produces a signal at its output for 5–20 minutes care below the limit value, which is inverted in inverter 176: and applied to the third input of the AND element 171. The input terminal 162 receives, 178 from the comparator 29, a signal that exceeds the limit value:, if the temperature cheers road coatings / defined by the via sensor - telscheratury used in the probe 3 falls below the OS. An input terminal 163 is applied. : on line 179 from comparator 31, the alarm value of the limiting value, if the air temperature detected by air temperature sensor 2 is less than OC. Both threshold value signals arrive at the inputs of the NEILI element 169, to which inverter 170 is connected, which results in the appearance of a signal exceeding the limit value at the first input of the AND element 171, if the road surface temperature. or air temperature, or both temperatures are less. The third detector 40 energizes probe probe heater 52 for the time set in time element 175 if the road temperature or air temperature, or both, are less than wasps, and the temperature of heated probe 5 falls below wasps. As soon as the temperature of the probe 5 reaches, due to heating, a value in excess of (jc, the supply of energy to the heater 52 ceases even when set in the temporary element; 175 has not yet timed out.
    The first detector 37 serves to indicate whether the road is wet or dry. The electrical circuit of this detector is shown in FIG. 9. It includes four input terminals 180-183, as well as
    an output terminal 184, to which when; the indicator lamp 185 is connected, lighting up if the road surface is in a wet or wet state. The detector 37 includes three elements 186-188, as well as a trigger formed from two elements NOT-OR 189 and 190, the output of which is connected to the output terminal 184. The outputs of elements AND 186 and 187 are each connected to one input of the element OR 191, the output of which is connected to turn with the setting input of the specified trigger. The output element And 188 is connected directly. With the input return to the initial position of the trigger. On the input terminals 18Q and 181 are connected, on the one hand, directly to the two outputs of the element AND 186 or 187, and on the other hand, each through an inverter 192 or 193, with both inputs of the element AND 188. The output of the element And 188 is connected to the return input in starting position of the above trigger. Input terminal 180 is connected by line 156 to comparator 34 and receives a signal exceeding the limit value if the humidity sensor 11 of the heated combined probe 5 is in a dry state. Input terminal 181 is connected by line 159 to the comparator 36 and receives a signal exceeding the limit value if the humidity sensor 10 is cooled probe 4 is in a dry state. The input terminal 182 receives, via line 178, the signal generated by the comparator 29 that exceeds the limit value if the road surface temperature drops to a value below OC. This signal goes directly to one of the inputs AND 187 and through the inverter 194 to the third input of the element AND 186. Accordingly, the named trigger is established through the element AND 186 and the element OR 191 if the humidity sensors 10 and 11 are in a dry state and the road surface temperature is over, and in the set state, the trigger does not produce an output signal. When the humidity sensors 10 and 11 are in a wet or wet state, the return trigger is reset to its initial state through inverters 192 and 193 and the AND element 188, and an over-limit signal appears on the output strip 184.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    The input terminal is connected by line 166 to the output terminal 165 of the third detector 37 and receives a signal to exceed the limit value when the detector 40 supplies energy to the heater to heat the probe 5.  The input of the temporary element 195 is connected via a capacitor 196 to the input clip MOM 183.  The time element 195 is turned on in this way, it reacts to the falling front of the signal produced by the signal 40 to exceed the limit value, producing a short positive pulse from its output that goes to one of the inputs of the AND element 187.  If the humidity sensors 10 and 11 are dry, the roadway temperature is less than 0 ° C and the time element 195 generates a short pulse, the output of the AND 187 element appears and a short time out signal appears.  the limit value, due to which the named trigger is set again, and the output signal at terminal 184 disappears.  The named trigger is set to generate an output signal using AND element 188 if both moisture sensors 10 and 11 are wet and the roadway temperature is less than 0 ° C.  Finally, in FIG.  10 shows the electrical circuitry of the second signal, ZLa38, intended to generate a signal if the roadbed is covered with ice.  This alarm device has five input terminals 197-201 and two output terminals 202 and 203.  The three first input terminals 197-199 are connected to one input of the element I 204, the output of which is connected to the input of the element NE-I 205, to which a clip 201 is connected via an inverter 206.  The output of the non-AND element 205 is connected to the set-up input of a trigger formed from the elements non-AND 207 and 208, while the output of the And element 204 is connected to the return input to the initial position of the named trigger.  Output terminal 202 is connected to lamp 152, which indicates icing of the road surface (FIG.  one).  The output terminal 203, which carries the inverted signal of the output terminal 204, is connected by a line 209 to the input of the fourth signaling device 41, which serves to generate a warning signal.  Input terminal 197 is connected by line 178 to a second comparator 29, which produces. the signal exceeds the limit value if the paving temperature is less.  The input terminal 198 is connected by line 160 to a fifth comparator 35, which produces a signal to exceed the limit value if the humidity sensor 9 of the probe 5 is dry or covered with ice.  The input terminal 199 is connected by line 210 to the output of the first alarm device 40, which produces a signal that exceeds the limit value if the roadbed is wet.  The upstream press 200 is connected by a line 144 to an output terminal 149 of the detector, 38 for reversing the behavior of the temperature controller 54.  The input terminal 201 is connected by line 159 to the seventh comparator 36, which produces a signal that exceeds the limit value if the humidity sensor 10 of the cooled probe 4 is dry or covered with ice.  Warning signal, humidity signal and ice formation signal,.  initiated by lamps 43, 185 or 152, are generated based on the temperatures detected by temperature sensors 2, 6, 7 and 8 and on the basis of conditions established by humidity sensors 9-11, the probe5 heating and the probe 4 cooling or heating depending on weather conditions, t. e.  depending on the events.  The device operates as follows in relation to various meteorological conditions.  Example.  In dry weather, and at temperatures above the OS, cooling occurs.  All three . The humidity sensors 9-11 are high-resistance and, accordingly, the output signals of the measuring amplifiers 17-19 exceed the reference voltage produced by shaper 104.  The assigned comparators 34-36 therefore produce each signal exceeding the limit value.  The remaining comparators 29-33 do not generate signals that exceed the limit value, since all temperatures detected by temperature sensors 2, 6, 7 and 8 are above the freezing point.  All alarms are not activated.  If the air temperature now falls below the first temperature, which is established by using the temperature probe 2, the comparator 31 will generate a signal exceeding the limit value, which is fed via line 179 to the input terminal 163 of the signaling device 40 to control the heating of the probe 5 (Fig.  7).  As a consequence, the first input of the AND element 171 is signaled to exceed the limit value from inverter 170.  But since the signals of exceeding the limit value do not arrive at the two other inputs of the AND 171 element, so far nothing happens.  If: due to the low air temperature, the temperature of the roadway will also fall below, this will be determined by using sensor 6 of probe 3 temperature and sensor 8 of probe 5, which is not heated by this time.  Accordingly, the comparators 29, 30, and 33 each generate a signal that exceeds the limit value.  The signal of exceeding the limit value, produced by the comparator 33, flows via line 177 to the input terminal 164 of the detector 40 to the second input of the element I 171, and the leading edge of this signal initiates the temporary element 175, which in turn sends an excess signal to the inverter 176 limit value at the third input of the element AND 171.  At the output of the element And 17, a signal of exceeding the limiting value arises, which flows through the output terminal 165 through line 166 to the heater 52, which serves to heat the probe 5, and to the input 183 shown in FIG.  9 alarm 37; intended to generate a signal for the presence of humidity, however, this alarm does not work, as the sensors; Moisture levels 10 and 11 are dry.  After the time set on the temporary element 175 expires, preferably 15 minutes, AND 171 is locked.  During this time, the probe 5 and the humidity sensor 11 were heated.  Temperature dates; The sensor 8 detects this heating and, if the temperature of the probe 5 becomes higher than 0 ° C, the fourth parameter 33 stops producing a signal exceeding the limit value.  If the temperature increase occurs within a 15-minute time interval, the AND 171 element will be locked before the time of the temporary element 175 expires.  After that probe 5 again. it cools down and, if its temperature falls below the operating system, the energy supply again begins, as described above to the heater 52.  This process will be repeated as long as the temperature of the roadbed is less than the OS and the humidity sensors 9-11 remain dry.  -.  If it falls out at this time, then it will melt on the heated probe 5.  The humidity sensors 11 are stopped for congestion as a consequence of this, and the sixth comparator 34 stops generating a signal exceeding the limit value.  The output of the sixth comparator 34 is connected by a line 156,. on the one hand, with the input terminal 180 of the signal of the lysator 37 and, on the other hand, the same line with the input terminal 145 of the switch 42.  This leads to the fact that the element NEGI 153 of the signaling sensor 40 begins to generate a signal exceeding the limit value and causes the installation of a trigger that includes the elements NOT-AND 154 and 155.  This leads to the fact that the switch 121 is transferred to the position of the heating of the probe 4 due to the activation of the relay 140 of the switch 121.  Subject the most occurring is also the heating of the probe 10 probe 4. The heating process continues until the sensor 7 of the temperature of the probe 4 detects an increase in the temperature of the humidity sensor 10 to, thereby stopping the signal from exceeding the limit value from the output of the comparator 32, so that more than the signal of excess is coming along line 161. the limit value through the input terminal 148 to the & Lement of the AND-153 switch 42, whereby the heating of the probe 4 stops.  If dry with. neg is located on the aggravated.  probe 10 humidity probe 4, then it melts, so that humidity probe 10 becomes wet, which is fixed by the seventh comparator 36 in the form of pre-.  signal generation shifts exceeding the limit value.  This leads to the fact that the inverters 192 and 193 initiate the element AND 188, which is part of the signalizer 37, and install a trigger, which includes the elements NOT-OR 189 and 190, so that the output terminal 184 of the signaling device 37 generates an over-limit signal meaning that the signal lamp 185 comes on as an indication that the road is wet.  The signal for exceeding the limit value at the output terminal 184 enters the input terminal 200 of the signaling device 38, as a result of which the element NOT-AND 205 generates a signal exceeding the limit value and a trigger is set up that includes the elements NOT-AND 207 and 208.  After that, the signal lamp 152 lights up, indicating that the roadbed is icy, or rather the road surface is under the snow, which leads to the formation of a snow overhang, the consequences of which are similar to what occurs during the icing of the roadway.  The signal of exceeding the limit value at the output terminal 184 "of the signaling device 37 also goes to the input g. an element 39 is pressed so that the output of the element 39 produces a signal exceeding the limit value, which is fed through line 136 to the input terminal 135 of the control unit 119 and turns on the supply current to the temperature controller 54 for cooling the probe 4.  The humidity sensor 10 of probe 4 continues to cool until the moisture on sensor 10 freezes and it becomes high-resistance again, which causes the comparator to stop the Zb signal from exceeding the limit value, or until the sensor temperature is controlled by the control unit 119 9 and 10 humidity is not large enough.  The heating and cooling cycles of the humidity sensor 10 alternate until the measures for maintaining the roadway are taken.  For example, a defrosting agent will be sent.  In this case, all three humidity sensors become niooohm, because, due to the effect of the defrosting agent, the snow melts at a temperature below O t.  This, among other things, leads to the transition to the initial state of a trigger consisting of elements NON-AND 207 and 208, which is part of the signaling device 42, as a result of which the signal lamp 152 goes out, as the roadbed has sufficient means to defrost and therefore the icing is eliminated.  If there were, for example, insufficient defrosting, t. e.  so much so that the humidity sensor 9 at a temperature of the road surface would become low-resistance and the supercooled humidity sensor 10 would remain high-resistance, the warning lamp 152 would go out and the warning lamp 43 would light up, warning of the danger of icing.  The signal lamp 43 ignites because the signal 41 exceeds the limit value from the output terminal 184 of the signaling device 40 via line 210, the second input of the element 41 receives the signal exceeding the limit value from comparator 36 to the second input of element 41, and the third input And 41 enters via line 209 a signal that exceeds the limit value from the output terminal. 203 signaling device 38.  The comparator 36 generates a signal exceeding the limit value, since the humidity sensor 10 of the cooled probe 4 is still in the icing state, because too little thawing means was applied.  PRI me R 2.  In wet weather, cooling starts from the initial temperature of more than 0 ° C.  The humidity sensors 9-11 are wet and therefore are low-resistance.  The comparators 34-36 produce in accordance with this care slots below the limit value.  Therefore, through the inverters 192 and 193, the element And 188 of the detector 37 and the trigger, which includes both elements NOT-OR 189 and 180, are brought to the initial state, and the output terminal 184 shows a signal exceeding the limit value, as a result The signal pamp 185 is ignited, warning of wet weather.  If the air temperature now falls below and the road surface temperature falls, for example, which is fixed by the comparator 30 and 31 by each of them at the output of the signal exceeding the limit value, then all three inputs of the And 39 element receive signals that exceed the limit value.  The signal developed by the element and 39 exceeding the limit value is fed through line 136 to the input terminal 135 of the control unit 119.  Since the temperature difference between probes 3 and 4 or between sensors 9 and 10 of humidity is insignificant.  The switching transistor 134 is turned on, so that a current is supplied through the switch 121 to the temperature controller 54 to cool the humidity sensor 10.  Cooling is performed until the moisture on the moisture sensor 10 is frozen and it does not become, as a result, a high resistance.  As a result, the comparator 36, at its output, generates a signal for exceeding the limit value, which is fed through line 159 to element 41, the output of which is a signal that exceeds the limit value, and to the other two of its inputs it receives the same signal that exceeds the limit value from the output clamp 184 signalizer 37 or from the output terminal 203 of the detector 42.  The output signal of exceeding the limit value of the element And 41 causes the signal lamp 43 to light up, and this warning signal means that there is a danger of icing.  If the temperature of the roadway continues to decrease and, despite the appearance of a warning signal, no means is thrown by the defrosting agent, there is an acute danger of water freezing on the roadway when it reaches approximately the temperature.  When the air temperature or the roadway temperature falls below the limit, the cycling of the heater 52 of the probe 5 starts and turns off and on, as described in example 1.  When the pavement is actually covered with ice, the measuring stations 9 and 10 also become covered with ice and also become highly resistive, with the result that the warning lamp 38, instead of cooling the moisture sensor 10, begins its heating.  After the humidity sensor 10 of probe 4 becomes non-ohmic due to heating, the detector 42 generates a signal exceeding the limit value at its output terminal 202 and an exit signal below the limit value at the output terminal 203, which replaces the warning signal with an ice hazard signal, and goes out the signal lamp 43 and the signal lamp 152 come on.  The condition of the icy road surface is monitored by alternately heating and cooling the humidity sensor 10 until the humidity sensor 9. probe 3 will not become low impedance due to the application of the defrosting agent OR at the expense of. temperature increase. Pr the occurrence of such ststes or instead of the signal lamp 152, showing that the road. the canvas is covered with ice, the signal lamp 43 lights up, if it continues to remain high-autumn when the humidity sensor 10 cools down, or both the warning lamps 43 and 152 garnish, if all three humidity sensors 9-11 remain low for a long time.  The signal tube 185, indicating that the roadbed is in the wet state, goes out when the humidity sensors 10 and 11 become high-resistance and the temperature sensor b of the probe 3 establishes that the temperature of the roadway has risen above the OS, in this case the entrance. The signal element 408 of the mash 40 is given by one signal exceeding the limit value, thereby setting the trigger consisting of the NOT-OR Elements 189. and 190.  The signal lamp 185 may also go out when the dates are.  Hsu 10 and 11 humidity are dry, t. e.  high resistance, the pavement temperature is even less and at the same time the signaling device 37 will turn off the heater 52 of the probe 5, because the time element 195 of the signaling device 37 reacts to the trailing edge of the limit value generated by the jam 37 and triggers for a short time the element AND 187 that enough to install the trigger of the detector 37, Since the proposed device has the means, the control block 119, the switch 42, the switch 121 and the Peltier element as cooling i ft; ero element g is the probe 4 may poperekekno cooled or heated.   This makes it possible to generate a warning signal S depending on the actual freezing of the humidity sensor 10, and the amount of thawing or not added thawing agent is automatically taken into account in the processing of the measurement data.  Due to the temperature-dependent road surface, a smoothly varying reference voltage produced in the former 104, the influence of the means for thawing on the conductivity values determined by the humidity sensors 9-11 can be largely eliminated without large costs.  To ensure that the values determined using probes 3-5 are consistent, it is preferable that several similar blocks of probes are installed in the roadway, capable of monitoring the state of the road surface in more than one place.  Claim 1.  A device for signaling about. the danger of icing up the roadway, which contains an air temperature sensor, the output of which is connected to the first comparator, the first probe with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, a second probe with a humidity sensor, a heater and a temperature sensor, the output of the temperature sensor of the first probe connected to the second and third comparators and the output of the temperature sensor of the second probe is with the fourth comparator, the fifth comparator connected to the output of the humidity sensor of the first probe, the sixth comparator connected to the humidity sensor and a second probe, three sources of comparators reference voltages, a first detector connected to the outputs of the second and sixth comparators, a second detector connected to the outputs of the second and fifth comparators and the first detector, a heating element activation unit connected to the outputs of the first, BTOpojo and fourth comparators and the first alarm device, the third alarm device, the input of which is connected to the outputs of the first, second and fourth comparators, and the output with the heater of the second probe and the first alarm device, even A dedicated alarm device whose input is connected to the outputs of the first and second alarm devices, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, a third probe with a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, a temperature controller control unit, a seventh and eighth comparators are inserted into it, a mode switch of the temperature controller, an adjustable voltage driver, and an And element, the third probe humidity sensor being connected to the seventh comparator, the third probe temperature sensor being connected En with the eighth comparator, the control unit of the temperature regulator is connected to the temperature sensor of the first probe, the temperature sensor of the third probe and through element I to the output of the third comparator, the input of the switch of the operating mode of the temperature regulator is connected to the outputs of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth comparators,
    its output and output of the first alarm device are connected to other inputs of the element I, the output of the seventh comparator is connected to the inputs of the first, second and fourth signaling devices, the output of the adjustable reference voltage driver is connected to the output of the temperature sensor of the first probe, and the output to the inputs of the fifth, sixth and the seventh comparators, the output of the temperature controller control unit and the output of the temperature controller operation mode switch are connected via a control key to the temperature controller of the third probe via a control key.
    [2]
    2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that a multivibrator of different-polarity pulses is introduced into it, the inputs of which are connected to the humidity sensors through additional resistors.
    3, The device according to claim 1, on. tl and ch yu e so that the block controlling the temperature regulator contains / o-t
    there are two operational amplifiers, a measuring amplifier, a reference potentiometer, two transistors and resistors,
    "G and the inputs of the first operational amplifier through one resistor and the measuring amplifier are connected respectively to the temperature sensor of the first probe and the humidity sensor of the third probe, one input of the second operational amplifier through the other resistor
    0 is connected to the output of the first operational amplifier, the other input of the second operational amplifier is connected to the reference potentiometer, and the input to the base of one transistor, emitter
    5 of which is connected to the base of the other transistor, the output circuit of which is connected in series with the temperature controller.
    Information sources,
    Q taken into account in the examination
    1. US patent 3596264, CL. 340-234, pub. 1971 (npototype).
    / / / f7 58; / / -711 "I -
    ± A.
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    t i67
    J6s
    t sh
    t 172
    OK
    No. 5 - about
    and
    / 75
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    f
    .
    -L JL
    9T, 97 Fig.6
    IS
    0 / MO- about 195
    2000 0 (0M
    206
    Fiz.10
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    FR2389952A1|1978-12-01|
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    DE2818055C3|1980-07-03|
    PL206576A1|1979-02-26|
    PL119447B1|1981-12-31|
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    ATA322978A|1982-07-15|
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    FR2389952B1|1981-01-09|
    CA1122323A|1982-04-20|
    DK150416B|1987-02-23|
    IT1095723B|1985-08-17|
    JPS5916673B2|1984-04-17|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH558377A|CH613546A5|1977-05-04|1977-05-04|
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